Tuesday, July 3, 2012

Flaws in America’s Yemen Policy


July 3, 2012
Instead of encouraging, coordinating and overseeing a large and much needed aid programme for Yemen -- which in any event would be largely financed by Saudi Arabia and the Gulf States -- the United States has over the past ten to fifteen years tended to view the country through the narrow prism of counter-terrorism, writes Patrick Seale.
Middle East Online
Yemen, like Pakistan, is a country where America’s counter-insurgency strategy has failed. The Obama administration has this year greatly increased the number of drone attacks in Yemen carried out by the CIA and by the U.S. Military’s Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC). Some150 militants are said to have been killed as well as unnumbered others who happened to be in the area of the strikes. It appears that any man of military age is automatically considered a ‘terrorist’. Large numbers of villagers have fled in terror from their homes.
The targeted killing of suspected ‘terrorists’ -- the centrepiece of current U.S. strategy -- has been at great political cost. It has aroused fierce anti-American sentiment among the local populations, largely because missile strikes inevitably cause the death of innocent civilians. Far from defeating the radicals, these cruel and somewhat indiscriminate strikes by unmanned Predator drones drive volunteer jihadis into ‘terrorist’ ranks while discrediting and de-legitimising local political leaders who -- since they feel compelled to back U.S. policies in exchange for financial aid -- are seen as U.S. stooges.
Pakistan has tended to receive more attention than Yemen, because of its close links to the catastrophic war in Afghanistan, now in its eleventh year. The United States needs the support of Pakistan -- and indeed of Iran -- if it is to manage something like an honourable withdrawal from Afghanistan in 2014. But the U.S. cannot cripple Iran with sanctions and expect it to lend a hand in Afghanistan. In turn, U.S. relations with Pakistan have come under great strain because of the drone attacks and a host of other violent incidents in which the U.S. is seen as trampling on Pakistani sovereignty -- such as the killing of Osama bin Laden in the Pakistani city of Abbottabad in May 2011. The Pakistan Foreign Ministry has stated that drone attacks are “in total contradiction of international law and established norms of interstate relations.” The breakdown in U.S.-Pakistan relations, and the corresponding support Islamabad is giving to certain militant Afghan groups, have greatly complicated NATO’s task in Afghanistan.
Yemen is as important as Pakistan for regional peace, not least for the threat which its instability poses to the security of its northern neighbour, Saudi Arabia. Violent ripples from Yemen have also spread to Somalia, where the local Islamic militants, the Shabab, are said to have established close ties with their opposite numbers in south Arabia.
Yemen continues to be in the grip of intense political turmoil. It has by no means recovered from its long struggle to oust Ali Abdallah Salih, its former President, who was in power for 33 years. Earlier this year, he was at last persuaded -- and pressured -- to step down in favour of the former vice-president, Abd Rabbu Mansur al-Hadi.
The new President inherits a number of tasks of extraordinary difficulty: He must re-launch the collapsed economy, set in train a much-needed process of national reconciliation, tame the sons and nephews of the former ruler who still occupy important commands in the army and security services, while at the same time fight a rebellion in the north, a secessionist movement in the south, and Ansar al-Shari‘a, a militant group aligned with Al-Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP). This AQAP franchise, if that is what it is, appears to have won considerable local support in and around the southern port of Aden and its neighbouring provinces by administering Islamic justice, helping the poor and giving the locals a taste of clean government.
The man President al-Hadi appointed to fight Ansar al-Shari‘a, Maj. Gen. Salim Ali Qatn, was killed by a suicide bomber, said to be a Somali, in Aden last month after he claimed to have made some headway against the Islamic militants in Abyan province.
These many conflicts apart, Yemen is in desperate need of economic aid. UN agencies say that famine threatens 44% of the population. Nearly one million children are acutely malnourished. UNICEF says that half a million of them are likely to die in the coming months if immediate action is not taken. Water and oil are running out. The government’s budget deficit is estimated at $2.5bn.
At this critical juncture, when President al-Hadi urgently needs international support, a donors conference, which had been due to be held in Riyadh at the end of June, has been displaced to New York and postponed until late September. This is a bitter blow to the new government. It is bound to undermine its legitimacy, increase instability, and play into the hands of the militants.
Instead of encouraging, coordinating and overseeing a large and much needed aid programme for Yemen -- which in any event would be largely financed by Saudi Arabia and the Gulf States -- the United States has over the past ten to fifteen years tended to view the country through the narrow prism of counter-terrorism. That remains the fundamental weakness of U.S. policy towards Yemen today. The U.S. preoccupation with terrorism is understandable but wrong-headed. It suffered a severe shock when the USS Cole was attacked in Aden harbour on 12 October 2000. A speedboat piloted by two members of al-Qaida exploded several hundred pounds of explosives into the hull of the vessel, killing 17 U.S. sailors. The United States has pursued the terrorists relentlessly ever since, but with only mixed results.
Regrettably, the United States has failed to ask itself why Islamic militants hate it and want to punish it. Even the devastating attacks on the twin towers of the World Trade Centre on 11 September 2001 failed to stimulate an American national debate of sufficient seriousness and depth into the motives for the assault. Many Americans seem to have contented themselves with the simplistic view that their country was ‘good’ and their Islamic enemies ‘evil’.
In Yemen, the emergence of a militant Islamic movement over twenty years ago was largely the work of the so-called ‘Afghan Arabs’ -- that is to say of former mujahidin whom the United States had recruited, armed and trained to fight the Soviets in Afghanistan in the 1980s, but which it then callously abandoned once the Soviets withdrew. Another grievance which has fed anti-American sentiment in Yemen is the way the United States punished Iraq -- a country which had very close ties with Yemen -- after the first Gulf War of 1991. Crippling sanctions were imposed on Iraq for thirteen years, much like those now imposed on Iran. Needless to say, the destruction of Iraq by the Anglo-American invasion of 2003 and the horrors of the long occupation that followed have not made America many Arab friends. And then there is that other major factor, which is forever eating away at America’s reputation and standing: its blind support for Israel in its continued oppression and dispossession of the Palestinians.
Far from easing these grievances, drone attacks only make them worse. A radical policy rethink allied to a massive aid programme might go some way to restoring American authority. But, in Washington’s current political climate, this task would seem to be at least as daunting as that confronting Yemen’s new President, the luckless Abd Rabbu Mansur al-Hadi.

Yemen air strikes kill four al Qaeda suspects-witnesses


Tuesday, 3 Jul 2012
ADEN (Reuters) - At least four suspected al Qaeda militants were killed in two air strikes, thought to have been carried out by U.S. drones on vehicles travelling in central Yemen on Tuesday, a Yemeni security source and witnesses said.
The attacks came as Yemeni authorities said they had also arrested 14 al Qaeda militants, including nine foreigners - in the latest sign of a U.S.-backed push to defeat Islamist fighters in Yemen.
The Yemeni security official said the air strikes hit two vehicles travelling in the Bayhan area of Shabwa province - a mostly desert south-eastern region where militants driven from their southern strongholds last month had taken refuge.
Witnesses told Reuters four bodies were pulled out from the wreckage of the first vehicle. The flames were so intense in the second vehicle that no one could approach to check for any casualties.
The Defence Ministry named two of the dead as senior al Qaeda figures, Fahd Saleh al-Anjaf al-Harithi and Hassan Ali al-Ishaqi.
Washington, concerned that al Qaeda was gaining a new foothold in the Middle East, has stepped up drone attacks in Yemen.
A U.N. investigator last month called on the U.S. administration to justify its policy of assassinating rather than capturing militants.
THREE CELLS
Yemen's Defence Ministry said the 14 arrested militants had been operating in three separate cells and plotting to attack army and civilian leaders as well as foreign interests.
It did not say where or when they were detained. The group included four Egyptians, two Jordanians, a Somali, a Tunisian and a man from Dagestan in Russia's North Caucasus, it added.
Yemeni troops drove Islamist fighters last month out of several towns they controlled in the south as the government pressed ahead with a U.S.-backed offensive to defeat Ansar al-Sharia, a tenacious offshoot of al Qaeda.
The group - meaning Partisans of Islamic Law - has exploited instability in the Arabian Peninsula to gain a foothold in a country that borders Saudi Arabia, the world's biggest oil exporter, alarming the United States.
Separately, a security official said an al Qaeda-linked militant arrested on Saturday night had died from his wounds.
He was among eight militants captured while trying to flee their former strongholds in the southern province of Abyan to the neighboring governorate of Dalea.
Hundreds of militants have been on the run since they were pushed out of Abyan. Ansar al-Sharia swears allegiance to al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, which U.S. officials have called the most dangerous offshoot of the global militant network.

Yemen says smashes three al Qaeda-linked cells


ADEN | Tue Jul 3, 2012
 (Reuters) - Security forces in Yemen have arrested 14 al Qaeda militants, including nine foreigners, who were plotting a series of attacks, the defence ministry said on Tuesday, boosting U.S.-backed efforts to defeat Islamist fighters in the poor country.
The militants were planning to target army and civilian leaders as well as foreign interests, the ministry said, and had been operating in three cells, the largest of which fought the army in the south of the country, where militants until recently held territory.
The ministry gave no details of the date or location of the arrests, but said the militants included four Egyptians, two Jordanians, a Somali, a Tunisian and a man from Dagestan in Russia's North Caucasus.
It's relatively rare for such foreign fighters to be captured alive, though their lifeless bodies have often been found after clashes with government forces.
Government troops last month drove Islamist fighters out of several towns they controlled in the south of the country as they pressed ahead with a U.S.-backed offensive Washington hopes will quash Ansar al-Sharia, a tenacious offshoot of al Qaeda.
The group - meaning Partisans of Islamic Law - has exploited instability in the Arabian Peninsula to gain a foothold in a country that borders Saudi Arabia, the world's biggest oil exporter, alarming the United States.
The ministry said the other two cells consisted of five Yemenis who were planning attacks on military and civilian leaders, as well as on foreign interests in the country. Two of the militants had been involved in looking for new recruits, it added.
Information about the arrests was included in a security report submitted to President Abd-Rabbu Mansour Hadi earlier this week by the country's intelligence services, the ministry said on its website.
Separately, a security official said an al Qaeda-linked militant arrested on Saturday night had died from his wounds. He had been arrested along with seven other militants who were trying to flee their former strongholds in the southern province of Abyan to the neighbouring governorate of Dalea.
Hundreds of militants have been on the run since they were pushed out of Abyan. Ansar al-Sharia swears allegiance to al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, which U.S. officials have called the most dangerous offshoot of the global militant network.